Bridgeness Slab
The Bridgeness Slab is a Roman distance slab created around 142 CE marking a portion of the Antonine Wall built by the Second Legion.[1] It is regarded as the most detailed and best preserved of the Scottish distance slabs.[2] The sandstone tablet was found at Bridgeness in Bo'ness, Scotland in 1868 on a promontory close to Harbour Road.[3] The original is in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, while a replica is near the site of its discovery.
History
[edit]The slab was erected 142 CE to mark the completion of a section of the Antonine Wall. It was uncovered during excavations in 1868 on land owned by Henry Mowbray Cadell, whose son Dr Henry Cadell was an eyewitness of its discovery.[4] Cadell offered it to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland[5] for display in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh if they would provide a copy for display locally.[6]
The first on-site replica includes only the centre panel of the original. A second replica, including the side panels, was unveiled by Bo'ness Community Council and Falkirk Council on 7 September 2012 at 56°0′58.45″N 3°35′1.31″W / 56.0162361°N 3.5836972°W in Kinningars Park, Bridgeness, Bo'ness. The replica was based on the original as was an older copy of the stone now in the Hunterian Museum. The Bo'ness replica was made using digital laser scanning since silicone or other moulds risked damaging the slab.
Description
[edit]
The inscription in the centre panel reads "Imp CaesTito Aelio / Hadri Antonino Aug Pio p p legII Aug / per m p ĪĪĪĪ DCLII / FEC", which when expanded reads as "Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) Tito Aelio Hadri(ano) Antonino/ Aug(usto) Pio p(atri) p(atriae) leg(io) II Aug(usta) per m(ilia) p(assuum) IIII(milia)DCLII fec(it)". In English this translates as "For the Emperor Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius, Father of his Country, the Second Augustan Legion completed [the Wall] over a distance of 4652 paces".[8]
In addition to the Latin inscription the original has sculpted panels.[9]
On the left is a victorious, Roman cavalryman with four naked Britons: one being trampled holding a shield, one running with a spear in his back, one sitting in apparent despair, and one of whom is bound and beheaded. It has been suggested that the last act was a show of contempt for Gallo-Briton head veneration.[10] The propaganda, particularly Roman depiction of natives is consistent with other slabs like the ones from Balmuildy and Westerwood.
On the right panel is a depiction of the suovetaurilia, a ceremony undertaken before important campaigns or in this case before the wall was built. The arch top of a temple is depicted. Four soldiers are shown, one carrying the vexillum, or cavalry flag, of the Second Legion. A man in a toga, possibly Aulus Claudius Charax- commander of the Second Legion, is depicted pouring a libation on an altar as a preliminary to sacrificing a bull, a pig and a sheep. The sounds of the slaughter may have been drowned out by the musical instruments which are shown being played. The inscription records the building of 4652 paces of the Antonine Wall.[11]
Washing revealed faint traces of pigments, mainly red, have survived on the original stone suggesting that it was once highly coloured.[12]
Similar slabs
[edit]The slab is reminiscent of one from Summerston, now in the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow, which was also made by the Second Legion and which similarly depicts a helmeted horseman and naked captives.[13] Other distance slabs by the Second Legion have been mapped with RTI and include one from Balmuildy[14] and another from Duntocher.[15] Both of these items are now kept in the Hunterian Museum.[16]
References
[edit]Sources
[edit]- Macdonald, Sir George (1934). The Roman wall in Scotland (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- Bo'ness Community Council; Falkirk Council (1 April 2015). "Mark of Rome – The Story of the Bridgeness Slab". Youtube. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
Citations
[edit]- ^ "Found at Bridgeness, West Lothian". scran. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
- ^ "Distance Slabs". The Antonine Wall. CastlesFortsBattles.co.uk network. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ "The Bridgeness Slab". Visit Falkirk. Falkirk Council. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ Macdonald 1934 pp. 102–103
- ^ Cadell, H. M. (1913). The story of the Forth. Glasgow: James Maclehose & sons. pp. 124–125. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ "Bridgeness". Canmore. Retrieved 27 October 2017.; "Bridgeness slab Victorian replica". Frontiers of the Roman Empire. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ The Roman wall in Scotland (1st ed.). Glasgow: J. Maclehose. 1911. p. 148. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
- ^ "The Antonine Wall". Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. pp. 109–113. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ Aldhouse-Green, Miranda (August 2004). "Chaining and Shaming: Images of Defeat, from Llyn Cerrig Bach to Sarmitzegetusa". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 23 (3): 319–340. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2004.00214.x.
- ^ Breeze, David J (November 1989). "The flag of legion II Augusta on the Bridgeness distance slab" (PDF). Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (119): 133–142.
- ^ Mark of Rome – The Story of the Bridgeness Slab
- ^ "RIB 2193. Distance Slab of the Second Legion". Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Retrieved 18 November 2017.; "distance slab of the Second Legion, recording the completion of 3666.5 paces". Hunterian Museum Archaeology & Ethnography Collections: GLAHM F.5. University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Distance Slab of the Second Legion , Balmuildy". 28 May 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ "Distance Slab of the Second Legion, Duntocher". 9 June 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ "The Antonine Wall: Rome's Final Frontier". The Hunterian. University of Glasgow. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
External links
[edit]
- Antonine Wall (Image 2431) from Imago, the Roman Society's centenary image bank
- Campbell, L. (2020) Polychromy on the Antonine Wall Distance sculptures: non-destructive Identification of pigments on Roman reliefs. Britannia, 51, pp. 175-201. (doi: 10.1017/S0068113X20000124)